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A more recent version of this article appeared on October 1, 2005
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Submitted on February 7, 2005
Revised on July 25, 2005
Accepted on August 2, 2005
*Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
Friedrich Miescher Laboratory, Max Planck Society, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
Monitoring Editor: Howard Riezman
Previously we demonstrated that the phosphorylation of t-SNAREs by protein kinase A (PKA) affects their ability to participate in SNARE complexes and to confer endocytosis and exocytosis in yeast. Here, we show that the presumed phosphorylation of a conserved membrane-proximal PKA consensus site (serine-317) in the Sed5 t-SNARE regulates ER-Golgi transport, as well as Golgi morphology. Sed5 is a phosphoprotein and both alanine and aspartate substitutions in serine-317 directly affect intracellular protein trafficking. The aspartate substitution results in elaboration of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), defects in Golgi-ER retrograde transport, an accumulation of small transport vesicles, and the inhibition of growth of most cell types. In contrast, the alanine substitution has no deleterious effects upon transport and growth, but results in ordering of the Golgi into a structure reminiscent of mammalian apparatus. This structure appears to require the recycling of Sed5, as it was found not to occur in sec21-2 cells that are defective in retrograde transport. Thus, a cycle of Sed5 phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is required for normal t-SNARE function and may choreograph Golgi ordering and dispersal.
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