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A more recent version of this article appeared on November 1, 2005 Originally published as MBC in Press, 10.1091/mbc.E05-05-0405 on September 14, 2005
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Submitted on May 9, 2005
Revised on August 25, 2005
Accepted on August 29, 2005
*Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-0814, Japan; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
Monitoring Editor: Orna Cohen-Fix
The large protein kinases, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM-Rad3-related (ATR), coordinate the cellular response to DNA damage. In budding yeast, ATR homolog Mec1 plays a central role in DNA damage signaling. Mec1 interacts physically with Ddc2, and functions in the form of the Mec1-Ddc2 complex. To identify proteins interacting with the Mec1-Ddc2 complex, we performed a modified two-hybrid screen, and isolated RFA1 and RFA2, genes which encode subunits of replication protein A (RPA). Using the two-hybrid system, we found that the extreme C-terminal region of Mec1 is critical for RPA binding. The C-terminal substitution mutation does not affect the Mec1-Ddc2 complex formation, but does impair the interaction of Mec1 and Ddc2 with RPA as well as their association with DNA lesions. The C-terminal mutation also decreases Mec1 kinase activity. However, the Mec1 kinase-defect by itself does not perturb Mec1 association with sites of DNA damage. We also found that Mec1 and Ddc2 associate with sites of DNA damage in an interdependent manner. Our findings support the model in which Mec1 and Ddc2 localize to sites of DNA damage by interacting with RPA in the form of the Mec1-Ddc2 complex.
Present address: Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103.
Address correspondence to:
Katsunori Sugimoto (sugimoka{at}umdnj.edu)
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