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A more recent version of this article appeared on April 1, 2006
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Submitted on November 30, 2005
Revised on February 2, 2006
Accepted on February 3, 2006
Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
Monitoring Editor: Tim Stearns
Kinesin superfamily proteins are ubiquitous to all eukaryotes and essential for several key cellular processes. With the establishment of genome sequence data for a substantial number of eukaryotes, it is now possible for the first time to analyze the complete kinesin repertoires of diverse of organisms from most eukaryotic kingdoms. Such a holistic approach using 486 kinesin-like sequences from 19 eukaryotes and analyzed by Bayesian techniques, identifies 3 new kinesin families, 2 new phylum-specific groups and unites 2 previously identified families. The paralog distribution suggests that the eukaryotic cenancestor possessed nearly all kinesin families. However, multiple losses in individual lineages mean that no family is ubiquitous to all organisms and that the present day distribution reflects common biology more than it does common ancestry. In particular, the distribution of 4 families -Kinesin-2, -9 and the proposed new families Kinesin-16 and -17 -correlates with the possession of cilia/flagella, and this can be used to predict a flagellar function for 2 new kinesin families. Finally, we present a set of hidden Markov models that can reliably place most new kinesin sequences into families, even when from an organism at a great evolutionary distance from those in the analysis.
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