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MBC in Press, published online ahead of print November 17, 2006
Mol. Biol. Cell 10.1091/mbc.E06-08-0696

A more recent version of this article appeared on February 1, 2007 Originally published as MBC in Press, 10.1091/mbc.E06-08-0696 on November 15, 2006
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Submitted on August 10, 2006
Revised on October 16, 2006
Accepted on November 1, 2006

Misfolded Proteins Traffic from the ER due to ER Export Signals

Margaret M. Kincaid and Antony A. Cooper*

Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110

Monitoring Editor: Reid Gilmore

Most misfolded secretory proteins remain in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and are degraded by ER-associated degradation (ERAD). However, some misfolded proteins exit the ER and traffic to the Golgi before degradation. Using model misfolded substrates, with or without defined ER exit signals, we found misfolded proteins can depart the ER by continuing to exhibit the functional export signals present in the corresponding correctly folded proteins. Anterograde transport of misfolded proteins utilizes the same machinery responsible for exporting correctly folded proteins. Passive ER retention, in which misfolded proteins fail to exit the ER due to the absence of exit signals or the inability to functionally present them, likely contributes to the retention of nonnative proteins in the ER. Intriguingly, compromising ERAD resulted in increased anterograde trafficking of a misfolded protein with an ER exit signal, suggesting that ERAD and ER exit machinery can compete for binding of misfolded proteins. Disabling ERAD did not result in transport of an ERAD substrate lacking an export signal. This is an important distinction for those seeking possible therapeutic approaches involving inactivating ERAD in anticipation of exporting a partially active protein.

*Present address: Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2080, Australia.

Address correspondence to: Antony A. Cooper (a.cooper{at}garvan.org.au)




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