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MBC in Press, published online ahead of print February 22, 2002
Mol. Biol. Cell 10.1091/mbc.01-05-0235

A more recent version of this article appeared on April 1, 2002
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Submitted on May 10, 2001
Revised on December 21, 2001
Accepted on December 31, 2001

Antigen-Stimulated Activation of Phospholipase D1b by Rac1, ARF6 and PKC{alpha} in RBL-2H3 cells

Dale J. Powner1, Matthew N. Hodgkin2, and Michael J.O. Wakelam1*

1 Institute for Cancer Studies, Birmingham University, Birmingham, B15 2TA, United Kingdom
2 Institute for Cancer Studies, Birmingham University, Birmingham, B15 2TA, United Kingdom (present address: Biological Sciences, Warwick University, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom)

* Corresponding author. E-mail address: m.j.o.wakelam{at}bham.ac.uk.

Phospholipase D (PLD) activity can be detected in response to many agonists in most cell types, however the pathway from receptor occupation to enzyme activation remains unclear. In vitro PLD1b activity is phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-dependent via an N-terminal PH domain and is stimulated by Rho, ARF and PKC family proteins, combinations of which cooperatively increase this activity. Here we provide the first evidence for the in vivo regulation of PLD1b at the molecular level. Antigen stimulation of RBL-2H3 cells induces the co-localisation of PLD1b with Rac1, ARF6 and PKC{alpha} at the plasma membrane in actin-rich structures, simultaneously with cooperatively increasing PLD activity. Activation is both specific and direct since dominant negative mutants of Rac1 and ARF6 inhibit stimulated PLD activity and surface plasmon resonance reveals that the regulatory proteins bind directly and independently to PLD1b. This also indicates that PLD1b can concurrently interact with a member from each regulator family. Our results show that in contrast to PLD1b's translocation to the plasma membrane, PLD activation is phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent. Therefore as inactive, dominant negative GTPases do not activate PLD1b, we propose that activation results from phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent stimulation of Rac1, ARF6 and PKC{alpha}.




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