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A more recent version of this article appeared on July 1, 2002
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Submitted on August 16, 2001
Revised on March 19, 2002
Accepted on March 27, 2002
1 Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0861, Japan
2 Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
3 Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: emekada{at}biken.osaka-u.ac.jp.
Dimerization and phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) are the initial and essential events of EGF-induced signal transduction. However, the mechanism by which EGFR ligands induce dimerization and phosphorylation is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that EGFRs can form dimers on the cell surface independent of ligand binding. However, a chimeric receptor, comprising the extracellular and transmembrane domains of EGFR and the cytoplasmic domain of the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR), did not form a dimer in the absence of ligands, suggesting that the cytoplasmic domain of EGFR is important for pre-dimer formation. Analysis of deletion mutants of EGFR showed that the region between 835Ala and 918Asp of EGFR cytoplasmic domain is required for EGFR pre-dimer formation. In contrast to wild type EGFR ligands, a mutant form of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB2) did not induce dimerization of the EGFR-EpoR chimeric receptor, and therefore failed to activate the chimeric receptor. However, when the dimerization was induced by a monoclonal antibody to EGFR, HB2 could activate the chimeric receptor. These results indicate that EGFR can form a ligand-independent inactive dimer, and that receptor dimerization and activation are mechanistically distinct and separable events.
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