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Vol. 15, Issue 2, 543-551, February 2004

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Transcriptional Activation of a Constitutive Heterochromatic Domain of the Human Genome in Response to Heat Shock

Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 27100 Pavia, Italy

Submitted July 11, 2003; Revised October 7, 2003; Accepted October 17, 2003
Monitoring Editor: Joseph Gall

Heat shock triggers the assembly of nuclear stress bodies that contain heat shock factor 1 and a subset of RNA processing factors. These structures are formed on the pericentromeric heterochromatic regions of specific human chromosomes, among which chromosome 9. In this article we show that these heterochromatic domains are characterized by an epigenetic status typical of euchromatic regions. Similarly to transcriptionally competent portions of the genome, stress bodies are, in fact, enriched in acetylated histone H4. Acetylation peaks at 6 h of recovery from heat shock. Moreover, heterochromatin markers, such as HP1 and histone H3 methylated on lysine 9, are excluded from these nuclear districts. In addition, heat shock triggers the transient accumulation of RNA molecules, heterogeneous in size, containing the subclass of satellite III sequences found in the pericentromeric heterochromatin of chromosome 9. This is the first report of a transcriptional activation of a constitutive heterochromatic portion of the genome in response to stress stimuli.

Online version of this article contains supplementary figure material. Online version is available at www.molbiolcell.org.

^* Corresponding author. E-mail address: biamonti{at}igm.cnr.it.

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