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A more recent version of this article appeared on July 1, 2002
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Submitted on February 5, 2002
Revised on March 21, 2002
Accepted on April 12, 2002
1 Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021
2 Department of Biochemistry and Program in Physiology, Biophysics and Molecular Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021
3 Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016-6437
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: temcgraw{at}med.cornell.edu.
Insulin regulates glucose uptake into fat and muscle by modulating the distribution of the GLUT4 glucose transporter between the surface and interior of cells. The GLUT4 trafficking pathway overlaps with the general endocytic recycling pathway, but the degree and functional significance of the overlap are not known. In this study of intact adipocytes, we demonstrate, using a compartment specific fluorescence-quenching assay, that GLUT4 is equally distributed among two intracellular pools: the transferrin receptor (TR)-containing endosomes and a specialized compartment that excludes the TR. These pools of GLUT4 are in dynamic communication with one another and with the cell surface. Insulin-induced redistribution of GLUT4 to the surface requires mobilization of both pools. These data establish a role for the general endosomal system in the specialized, insulin-regulated trafficking of GLUT4. Trafficking through the general endosomal system is regulated by rab11. Here we show that rab11 is required for the transport of GLUT4 from endosomes to the specialized compartment and for the insulin-induced translocation to the cell surface, emphasizing the importance of the general endosomal pathway in the specialized trafficking of GLUT4. Based on these findings we propose a two-step model for GLUT4 trafficking in which the general endosomal recycling compartment plays a specialized role in the insulin-regulated traffic of GLUT4. This compartment-based model provides the framework for understanding insulin-regulated trafficking at a molecular level.
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