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A more recent version of this article appeared on January 1, 2003
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Submitted on April 4, 2002
Revised on August 30, 2002
Accepted on September 20, 2002
1 Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
2 Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
3 Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
4 Institute of Virology and Immunology, University Wuerzburg, Versbacher Strasse 7, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
5 Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
6 Department of Regulatory Radiobiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: temme{at}rcs.urz.tu-dresden.de.
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) familiy, has attracted growing attention due to its expression in various tumors and its potential application in tumor therapy. However, its subcellular localization and function have remained controversial: Recent studies revealed that survivin is localized at the mitotic spindle, binds caspases and could thus protect cells from apoptosis. The cell cycle-dependent expression of survivin and its anti-apoptotic function led to the hypothesis that survivin connects the cell cycle with apoptosis thus providing a death switch for the termination of defective mitosis. In other studies, survivin was detected at kinetochores, cleavage furrow and midbody, localizations being characteristic for chromosomal passenger proteins. These proteins are involved in cytokinesis as inferred from the observation that RNA interference and expression of mutant proteins led to cytokinesis defects without an increase in apoptosis. To remedy these discrepancies, we analyzed the localizations of a survivinDsRed fusion protein in HeLa cells using confocal laser scanning microscopy and time lapse video imaging. SurvivinDsRed was excluded from the interphase nucleus and was detected in centrosomes and at kinetochores. It dissociated from chromosomes at the anaphase/telophase transition and accumulated at the ends of polar microtubuli where it was immediately condensed to the midbody. Overexpression of both survivinDsRed and of a phosphorylation-defective mutant conferred resistance against apoptosis-inducing reagents, but only the overexpressed mutant protein caused an aberrant cytokinesis. These data characterize in detail the dynamics of survivin in vertebrate cells and confirm that survivin represents a chromosomal passenger protein.
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