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A more recent version of this article appeared on November 1, 2003
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Submitted on July 26, 2002
Revised on July 17, 2003
Accepted on July 17, 2003
1 Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Abteilung Molekulare Mikrobiologie, Universität Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: sseiler{at}gwdg.de.
Cellular polarity is a fundamental property of every cell. Due to
their extremely fast growth rate (
1 µm/s) and their highly
elongated form, filamentous fungi represent a prime example of
polarized growth and are an attractive model for the analysis of
fundamental mechanisms underlying cellular polarity. To identify the
critical components that contribute to polarized growth, we developed a
large-scale genetic screen for the isolation of conditional mutants
defective in this process in the model fungus Neurospora
crassa. Phenotypic analysis and complementation tests of ca.
950 mutants identified more than 100 complementation groups that define
21 distinct morphological classes. The phenotypes include polarity
defects over the whole hypha, more specific defects localized to hyphal
tips or subapical regions, and defects in branch formation and growth
directionality. To begin converting this mutant collection into
meaningful biological information, we identified the defective genes in
45 mutants covering all phenotypic classes. These genes encode novel
proteins as well as proteins which (i) regulate the actin or
microtubule cytoskeleton, (ii) are kinases or components of signal
transduction pathways, (iii) are part of the secretory pathway, or (iv)
have functions in cell wall formation or membrane biosynthesis. These
findings highlight the dynamic nature of a fungal hypha and establish a
molecular model for studies of hyphal growth and polarity.
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