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A more recent version of this article appeared on January 1, 2003
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Submitted on August 14, 2002
Revised on September 23, 2002
Accepted on October 3, 2002
1 The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; and Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
2 Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
3 The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
4 EMBL Outstation-Hinxton, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: NJones{at}picr.man.ac.uk.
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: jurg{at}sanger.ac.uk.
We explored transcriptional responses of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe to various environmental stresses. DNA microarrays were used to characterize changes in expression profiles of all known and predicted genes in response to five stress conditions: (1) oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide, (2) heavy metal stress caused by cadmium, (3) heat shock caused by temperature increase to 39°C, (4) osmotic stress caused by sorbitol, and (5) DNA damage caused by the alkylating agent MMS. We define a core environmental stress response (CESR) common to all, or most, stresses. There was a substantial overlap between CESR genes of fission yeast and the genes of budding yeast that are stereotypically regulated during stress. CESR genes were contolled primarily by the stress-activated MAP kinase Sty1p and the transcription factor Atf1p. S. pombe also activated gene expression programs more specialized for a given stress or a subset of stresses. In general, these 'stress-specific' responses were less dependent on the Sty1p MAPK pathway and may involve specific regulatory factors. Promoter motifs associated with some of the groups of co-regulated genes were identified. We compare and contrast global regulation of stress genes in fission and budding yeasts and discuss evolutionary implications.
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