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A more recent version of this article appeared on September 1, 2003
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Submitted on December 8, 2002
Revised on March 27, 2003
Accepted on April 17, 2003
1 Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
2 Departments of Neurology and of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: gim2004{at}med.cornell.edu.
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cause impairment of ATP synthesis. It was hypothesized that high-energy compounds, such as ATP, are compartmentalized within cells, and that different cell functions are sustained by different pools of ATP, some deriving from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and others from glycolysis. Therefore, an OXPHOS dysfunction may affect different cell compartments to different extents. To address this issue, we have used recombinant forms of the ATP reporter luciferase localized in different cell compartments - the cytosol, the subplasma membrane region, the mitochondrial matrix, and the nucleus - of cells containing either wild-type or mutant mtDNA. We found that with glycolytic substrates, both wild-type and mutant cells were able to maintain adequate ATP supplies in all compartments. Conversely, with the OXPHOS substrate pyruvate ATP levels collapsed in all cell compartments of mutant cells. In wild-type cells normal levels of ATP were maintained with pyruvate in the cytosol and in the subplasma membrane region, but, surprisingly, they were reduced in the mitochondria and, to a greater extent, in the nucleus. The severe decrease in nuclear ATP content under "OXPHOS-only" conditions, implies that depletion of nuclear ATP plays an important, and hitherto unappreciated, role in patients with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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