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MBC in Press, published online ahead of print January 12, 2004
Mol. Biol. Cell 10.1091/mbc.E03-10-0750

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Submitted on October 21, 2003
Revised on November 29, 2003
Accepted on December 4, 2003

The Yeast Elongator Histone Acetylase Requires Sit4-Dependent Dephosphorylation for Toxin-Target Capacity

Daniel Jablonowski1, Lars Fichtner1, Michael J.R. Stark2, and Raffael Schaffrath1*

1 Biologicum, Institut für Genetik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
2 Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, MSI/WTB Complex, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK

* Corresponding author. E-mail address: schaffrath{at}genetik.uni-halle.de.

Kluyveromyces lactis zymocin, a heterotrimeric toxin complex, imposes a G1 cell cycle block on S. cerevisiae that requires the toxin-target (TOT) function of holo-Elongator, a six-subunit histone acetylase. Here, we demonstrate that Elongator is a phospho-complex. Phosphorylation of its largest subunit Tot1 (Elp1) is supported by Kti11, an Elongator-interactor essential for zymocin action. Tot1 dephosphorylation depends on the Sit4 phosphatase and its associators Sap185 and Sap190. Zymocin resistant cells lacking or overproducing Elongator-associator Tot4 (Kti12), respectively, abolish or intensify Tot1 phosphorylation. Excess Sit4•Sap190 antagonizes the latter scenario to reinstate zymocin sensitivity in multicopy TOT4 cells suggesting physical competition between Sit4 and Tot4. Consistently, Sit4 and Tot4 mutually oppose Tot1 de-/phosphorylation, which is dispensable for integrity of holo-Elongator but crucial for the TOT-dependent G1 block by zymocin. Moreover, Sit4, Tot4 and Tot1 cofractionate, Sit4 is nucleocytoplasmically localized and sit4{Delta}-nuclei retain Tot4. Together with the findings that sit4{Delta} and tot{Delta} cells phenocopy protection against zymocin and the ceramide-induced G1 block, Sit4 is functionally linked to Elongator in cell cycle events targetable by antizymotics.




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