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MBC in Press, published online ahead of print September 1, 2004
Mol. Biol. Cell 10.1091/mbc.E04-02-0140

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Submitted on February 20, 2004
Revised on July 9, 2004
Accepted on August 16, 2004

The PEN1 Syntaxin Defines a Novel Cellular Compartment upon Fungal Attack and Is Required for the Timely Assembly of Papilla

Farhah F. Assaad,*{dagger}{ddagger} Jin-Long Qiu,{ddagger}{sect} Heather Youngs,* David Ehrhardt,* Laurent Zimmerli,* Monika Kalde,|| Gehard Wanner,¶ Scott C. Peck,|| Herb Edwards,# Katrina Ramonell,@ Chris R. Somerville,* and Hans Thordal-Christensen{dagger}{sect}

*Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA 94305; {sect}Plant Research Department, Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; ||The Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Center, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom; Biology Department I, Botany, Ludwig Maximillians University, 80638 Munich, Germany; #Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455; @Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344

Monitoring Editor: Keith Yamamoto

Attack by the host powdery mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum usually results in successful penetration and rapid proliferation of the fungus on Arabidopsis. By contrast, the nonhost barley powdery mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) typically fails to penetrate Arabidopsis epidermal cells. In both instances the plant secretes cell wall appositions or papillae beneath the penetration peg of the fungus. Genetic screens for mutations that result in increased penetration of Bgh on Arabidopsis have recently identified the PEN1 syntaxin. Here we examine the role of PEN1 and of its closest homologue, SYP122, identified as a syntaxin whose expression is responsive to infection. pen1 syp122 double mutants are both dwarfed and necrotic, suggesting that the two syntaxins have overlapping functions. Although syp122-1 and the cell wall mur mutants have considerably more pronounced primary cell wall defects than pen1 mutants, these have relatively subtle or no effects on penetration resistance. On fungal attack, PEN1 appears to be actively recruited to papillae, and there is a 2-h delay in papillae formation in the pen1-1 mutant. We conclude that SYP122 may have a general function in secretion, including a role in cell wall deposition. By contrast, PEN1 appears to have a basal function in secretion and a specialized defense-related function, being required for the polarized secretion events that give rise to papilla formation.

{ddagger}These authors contributed equally to this work.

{dagger}Corresponding authors. E-mail: Farhah{at}botanik.biologie.tu-muenchen.de E-mail: hans.thordal{at}risoe.dk




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