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A more recent version of this article appeared on March 1, 2005
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Submitted on July 21, 2004
Revised on December 2, 2004
Accepted on December 23, 2004
Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", 00185 Roma, Italy
Monitoring Editor: Richard Assoian
It is widely acknowledged that cultured myoblasts can not differentiate at very low density. Here we analyzed the mechanism through which cell density influences myogenic differentiation in vitro. By comparing the behavior of C2C12 myoblasts at opposite cell densities, we found that, when cells are sparse, failure to undergo terminal differentiation is independent from cell cycle control and reflects the lack of p27Kip1 and MyoD in proliferating myoblasts. We show that inhibition of p27Kip1 expression impairs C2C12 cells differentiation at high density, while exogenous p27Kip1 allows low-density cultured C2C12 cells to enter the differentiative program by regulating MyoD levels in undifferentiated myoblasts. We also demonstrate that the early induction of p27Kip1 is a critical step of the N-cadherin-dependent signaling involved in myogenesis. Overall, our data support an active role of p27Kip1 in the decision of myoblasts to commit to terminal differentiation, distinct from the regulation of cell proliferation, and identify a pathway that, reasonably, operates in vivo during myogenesis and might be part of the phenomenon known as "community effect".
Corresponding author.
E-mail: milena.grossi{at}uniroma1.it
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