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MBC in Press, published online ahead of print September 7, 2005
Mol. Biol. Cell 10.1091/mbc.E05-07-0671

A more recent version of this article appeared on November 1, 2005
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Submitted on July 25, 2005
Revised on August 25, 2005
Accepted on August 29, 2005

Roles of Replication Fork-interacting and Chk1-activating Domains from Claspin in a DNA Replication Checkpoint Response

Joon Lee,* Daniel A. Gold,* Anna Shevchenko,{dagger} Andrej Shevchenko,{dagger} and William G. Dunphy*

*Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; {dagger}Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany

Monitoring Editor: Mark Solomon

Claspin is essential for the ATR-dependent activation of Chk1 in Xenopus egg extracts containing incompletely replicated DNA. Claspin associates with replication forks upon origin unwinding. We show that Claspin contains a replication fork-interacting domain (RFID, residues 265-605) that associates with Cdc45, DNA polymerase epsilon, RPA, and two RFC complexes on chromatin. The RFID contains two basic patches (BP1 and BP2) at amino acids 265-331 and 470-600, respectively. Deletion of either BP1 or BP2 compromises optimal binding of Claspin to chromatin. Absence of BP1 has no effect on the ability of Claspin to mediate activation of Chk1. By contrast, removal of BP2 causes a large reduction in the Chk1-activating potency of Claspin. We also find that Claspin contains a small Chk1-activating domain (CKAD, residues 776-905) that does not bind stably to chromatin, but is fully effective at high concentrations for mediating activation of Chk1. These results indicate that stable retention of Claspin on chromatin is not necessary for activation of Chk1. Instead, our findings suggest that only transient interaction of Claspin with replication forks potentiates its Chk1-activating function. Another implication of this work is that stable binding of Claspin to chromatin may play a role besides the activation of Chk1.

Address correspondence to: William G. Dunphy (dunphy{at}cco.caltech.edu)




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