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MBC in Press, published online ahead of print March 1, 2006
Mol. Biol. Cell 10.1091/mbc.E05-10-0938

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Submitted on October 11, 2005
Revised on February 15, 2006
Accepted on February 22, 2006

Motion Matters: Secretory Granule Motion Adjacent to the Plasma Membrane and Exocytosis

Miriam W. Allersma,*{dagger} Mary A. Bittner,* Daniel Axelrod,{dagger} and Ronald W. Holz*

*Department of Pharmacology and {dagger}Biophysics Research Division, Department of Physics, University of Michigan

Monitoring Editor: Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) was used to monitor changes in individual granule motions related to the secretory response in chromaffin cells. Because the motions of granules are very small (tens of nm), instrumental noise in the quantitation of granule motion was taken into account. ATP and Ca2+, both of which prime secretion before fusion, also affect granule motion. Removal of ATP in permeabilized cells caused average granule motion to decrease. Nicotinic stimulation caused a calcium-dependent increase in average granule motion. This effect was more pronounced for granules that undergo exocytosis than for those that do not. Fusion is not preceded by a reduction in mobility. Granules sometimes move 100 nm or more up to and within a tenth of a second before fusion. Thus, the jittering motion of granules adjacent to the plasma membrane is regulated by factors that regulate secretion, and may play a role in secretion. Motion continues until shortly before fusion, suggesting that interaction of granule and plasma membrane proteins is transient. Disruption of actin dynamics did not significantly alter granule motion.

Address correspondence to: Miriam W. Allersma (allersma{at}umich.edu)




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