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A more recent version of this article appeared on July 1, 2006
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Submitted on February 15, 2006
Revised on March 16, 2006
Accepted on April 5, 2006
Department of Biology and Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham MA, 02454
Monitoring Editor: David Drubin
Rapid turnover of actin structures is required for dynamic remodeling of the cytoskeleton and cell morphogenesis, but the mechanisms driving actin disassembly are poorly defined. Cofilin plays a central role in promoting actin turnover by severing/depolymerizing filaments. Here, we analyze the in vivo function of a ubiquitous actin-interacting protein, Aip1, suggested to work with cofilin. We provide the first demonstration that Aip1 promotes actin turnover in living cells. Further, we reveal an unanticipated role for Aip1 and cofilin in promoting rapid turnover of yeast actin cables, dynamic structures that are decorated and stabilized by tropomyosin. Through systematic mutagenesis of Aip1 surfaces, we identify two well-separated F-actin binding sites, one of which contributes to actin filament binding and disassembly specifically in the presence of cofilin. We also observe a close correlation between mutations disrupting capping of severed filaments in vitro and reducing rates of actin turnover in vivo. We propose a model for balanced regulation of actin cable turnover, in which Aip1 and cofilin function together to ‘prune’ tropomyosin-decorated cables along their lengths. Consistent with this model, deletion of AIP1 rescues the temperature sensitive growth and loss of actin cable defects of tpm1
mutants.
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