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A more recent version of this article appeared on May 1, 2008
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Submitted on June 28, 2007
Revised on February 13, 2008
Accepted on February 26, 2008
Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), CNRS UMR5535, IFR122, 34293 Montpellier, France
Monitoring Editor: Orna Cohen-Fix
Cyclin-dependent (CDK) and Dbf4-dependent (DDK) kinases trigger DNA replication in all eukaryotes but how these kinases cooperate to regulate DNA synthesis is largely unknown. Here we show that budding yeast Mcm4 is phosphorylated in vivo during S phase in a manner dependent on the presence of five CDK phosphoacceptor residues within Mcm4s N-terminal domain. Mutation to alanine of these five sites (mcm4–5A) abolishes phosphorylation and decreases replication origin firing efficiency at 22°C. Surprisingly the loss of function mcm4–5A mutation confers cold- and HU-sensitivity to DDK gain of function conditions (mcm5/bob1 mutation or DDK overexpression), implying that phosphorylation of Mcm4 by CDK somehow counteracts negative effects produced by ectopic DDK activation. Deletion of the S-phase cyclins Clb5,6 is synthetic lethal with mcm4–5A and mimics its effects on DDK up mutants. Furthermore, we find that Clb5 expressed late in the cell cycle can still suppress the lethality of clb5,6
bob1 cells, whereas mitotic cyclins Clb2, 3 or 4 expressed early cannot. We propose that the N-terminal extension of eukaryotic Mcm4 integrates regulatory inputs from S-CDK and DDK, which may play an important role for the proper assembly or stabilization of replisome-progression complexes.