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A more recent version of this article appeared on January 1, 2008
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Submitted on July 19, 2007
Revised on October 10, 2007
Accepted on October 18, 2007
*Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shikatachou, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
Monitoring Editor: M. Bishr Omary
We previously revealed a novel signal pathway involving S100A11 for inhibition of the growth of normal human keratinocytes (NHK) caused by high Ca++ or TGF
(ProNAS USA, 102:13921–13926, 2005). Exposure to either agent resulted in transfer of S100A11 to nuclei, where it induced p21WAF1. On the other hand, S100A11 has been shown to be overexpressed in many human cancers. To address this apparent discrepancy, we analyzed possible new functions of S100A11 and provide herewith evidence that 1) S100A11 is actively secreted by NHK, 2) extracellular S100A11 acts on NHK to enhance the production of EGF family proteins, resulting in growth stimulation, 3) RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts), NF-
B, Akt, and CREB are involved in the S100A11-triggered signal transduction, and 4) production and secretion of S100A11 are markedly enhanced in human squamous cancer cells. These findings indicate that S100A11 plays an dual role in growth regulation of epithelial cells.
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