|
|
|
|
Cover The series of images on this month's cover shows how nuclear
segregation is disrupted in a budding yeast mutant with impaired
cytoplasmic microtubules. Starting from a single mutant cell with a
GFP-labeled nucleus, the development of a microcolony is followed by
video fluorescence microscopy. In wild-type cells (not shown), the
nucleus is positioned close to the mother-daughter cell junction
(called the bud neck) early in the cell cycle. The spindle and nucleus
move together along the mother-daughter axis, with nuclear elongation
into a bar shape concomitant with insertion into the bud. After nuclear
division, this results in successful transit of one nucleus into the
daughter cell. The process of cytokinesis then separates the cells. In
the mutant cells (shown on the cover), the gene coding for Spc72p, a
component of the cytoplasmic side of the microtubule organization
center (MTOC) has been deleted. Lack of Spc72p prevents the formation
of long and stable cytoplasmic microtubules. These microtubules are
necessary for nuclear positioning, orientation, and successful nuclear
segregation. Formation of nuclear microtubules organized by the nuclear
side of the MTOC involved in spindle formation, elongation, and
chromosome segregation appears unaffected when comparing spindle
elongation kinetics between mutant and wild-type cells (Hoepfner
et al., [2002] Mol. Biol. Cell 13, 1366-1380).
Spindle elongation in the SPC72 deletion mutant cells takes place in
the mother cell and frequently does not occur oriented along the
mother-daughter cell axis. Consequently, transit of a nucleus through
the mother-bud neck is drastically delayed or even fails, leading to an
accumulation of nuclei in mother cells. This segregation defect does
not induce a cell-cycle block, and all nuclei in mother cells undergo a
simultaneous mitosis in the next cell cycle. Dividing cells with up to
12 nuclei have been observed in the mutant background. Interestingly,
daughter cells without a nucleus remain attached to the mother cell,
whereas daughter cells receiving a nucleus show cytokinesis with
wild-type kinetics, suggesting the presence of a surveillance mechanism that monitors transit of a nucleus through the bud neck.
Dominic Hoepfner