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Cover Little is known about how motor proteins are targeted to
their specific membrane compartments. Four recent papers (Fukada
et al. (2002), J. Biol. Chem. 277,
12432-12436; Nagashima et al. (2002), FEBS Letters
26023, 1-6; Strom et al. (2002), J. Biol. Chem. 277, 25423-25430; Wu et al.
(2002), Nature Cell Biol. 4, 271-278) show that myosin
Va, an actin-based vesicle motor, binds to one of its cargoes, the
melanosome, by interacting with a receptor-protein complex containing
Rab27a and melanophilin, a postulated Rab27a effector. Rab27a binds to
the melanosome first and then recruits melanophilin, which in turn
recruits myosin Va. Melanophilin creates this link by binding to Rab27a
in a GTP-dependent fashion through its amino terminus, and to myosin Va
through its carboxy terminus. Moreover, this latter interaction, like
the ability of myosin Va to colocalize with melanosomes and influence their distribution in vivo (Huang et al. (1998),
Genetics 148, 1963-1972; Wu et al.
(2002), Mol. Biol. Cell 13, 1735-1749), is dependent on
the presence of exon-F, an alternatively spliced exon in the
myosin Va tail. Together, these results have provided the first
molecular description of an organelle receptor for an actin-based
motor, have illustrated how alternate exon usage can be used to specify
cargo, and have further expanded the functional repertoire of Rab
GTPases and their effectors. The cover shows a triple overlay of a
mouse melanocyte that has been transfected with CFP-tagged Rab27a
(inset, lower panel) and GFP-tagged melanophilin (inset, middle panel)
and then stained for endogenous myosin VA (inset, upper panel). White
indicates where all three proteins overlap.
John
Hammer